How would Loebner fig 2 be changed to take into account more recent data?

Figure 2 in Loebner 1989 (see About the Pseudocerebellum project) is one of the main starting points for this website. How would that figure be updated to given more recent data? Some papers that may provide updates:

  • Paper [DeZeeuwCI+2-2021] gives a summary of multiple updates. From text: The discovery of several new connections (Fig. 1, red) highlights a previously unappreciated level of recurrence in the cerebellar circuit. Mutual inhibition of like cell types is common: Purkinje cells inhibit other Purkinje cells 1, molecular layer interneurons inhibit other molecular layer interneurons in a way that is spatially highly structured 2, 3, and Golgi cells inhibit other Golgi cells 4. At the same time, previously hypothesized connections between molecular layer interneurons and Golgi cells have been ruled out 4. There also is electrical coupling among molecular layer interneurons5 and among Golgi cells 5. Circuitry in the granule cell layer has the potential to filter and even reverse the sign of the input from mossy fibers, especially if it incorporates the unipolar brush cells7. In some regions, collaterals from Purkinje cells contact (inhibit) granule cells and create an additional recurrent connection in the input layer 6. Finally, neurons in the cerebellar nuclei provide feedback to the cerebellar cortex, via a mossy fiber-like projection that is subject to plastic changes during learning9,10.

  • Inhibitory neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (CN) project profusely into the cerebellar cortex, where they make synaptic contacts on a GABAergic subpopulation of cerebellar Golgi cells. [AnkriL+5-2015], 7.

Cited references:

1

Laurens Witter, Stephanie Rudolph, R. Todd Pressler, Safiya I. Lahlaf, and Wade G. Regehr. Purkinje Cell Collaterals Enable Output Signals from the Cerebellar Cortex to Feed Back to Purkinje Cells and Interneurons. Neuron, 91(2):312–319, July 2016. URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896627316302483, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.037, Notes: WitterL+4-2016.html.

2

Sarah Rieubland, Arnd Roth, and Michael Häusser. Structured Connectivity in Cerebellar Inhibitory Networks. Neuron, 81(4):913–929, February 2014. URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896627313011902, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.029, Notes: RieublandS+2-2014.html.

3

Charlotte Arlt and Michael Häusser. Microcircuit Rules Governing Impact of Single Interneurons on Purkinje Cell Output In Vivo. Cell Reports, 30(9):3020–3035.e3, March 2020. URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2211124720301637, doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.009.

4(1,2)

Court Hull and Wade G. Regehr. Identification of an Inhibitory Circuit that Regulates Cerebellar Golgi Cell Activity. Neuron, 73(1):149–158, January 2012. URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896627311009949, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.030, Notes: HullC+RegehrWG-2012.html.

5

Guillaume P. Dugué, Nicolas Brunel, Vincent Hakim, Eric Schwartz, Mireille Chat, Maxime Lévesque, Richard Courtemanche, Clément Léna, and Stéphane Dieudonné. Electrical Coupling Mediates Tunable Low-Frequency Oscillations and Resonance in the Cerebellar Golgi Cell Network. Neuron, 61(1):126–139, January 2009. URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896627308010210, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.11.028.

6

Chong Guo, Laurens Witter, Stephanie Rudolph, Hunter L. Elliott, Katelin A. Ennis, and Wade G. Regehr. Purkinje Cells Directly Inhibit Granule Cells in Specialized Regions of the Cerebellar Cortex. Neuron, 91(6):1330–1341, September 2016. URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896627316305037, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.08.011, Notes: GuoC+5-2016.html.

7

Lea Ankri, Zoé Husson, Katarzyna Pietrajtis, Rémi Proville, Clément Léna, Yosef Yarom, Stéphane Dieudonné, and Marylka Yoe Uusisaari. A novel inhibitory nucleo-cortical circuit controls cerebellar Golgi cell activity. eLife, 4:e06262, May 2015. URL: https://elifesciences.org/articles/06262, doi:10.7554/eLife.06262, Notes: AnkriL+5-2015.html.